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With 139,000 km of public roads, the Netherlands has one of the most dense road networks in the world - much denser than Germany and France, but still not as dense as Belgium. Dutch roads include at least 3,530 km of motorways and expressways,〔 and with a motorway density of 64 kilometres per 1,000 km², the country also has one of the densest motorway networks in the world.〔 The Netherlands' main highway net (''hoofdwegennet'') - comparable to Britains net of trunk roads - consists of most of its 5,200 km of national roads, supplemented with the most prominent provincial roads. Although only about 2,500 km are fully constructed to motorway standards, much of the remainder are also expressways for fast motor vehicles only. Except for motorways and expressways, most roads support cyclists. Some 35,000 km (a quarter of all Dutch roads) feature dedicated cycle tracks, physically segregated from motor traffic. A further 4,700 km of roads have clearly marked bike lanes,〔 and on other roads traffic is calmed such that cyclists and motorists can safely mix. Busy junctions sometimes give priority to cyclists, and in street roads like ''fietsstraten'' and ''woonerven'' bicycles systematically have priority over cars. Since 1997 a national traffic safety program called ''Duurzaam Veilig'' (Sustainable Safety) has had a major impact on the road network. Traffic calming has been applied on a massive scale. In 2009, more than 33,000 km of extra-urban roads had a speed limit of 60 km/h, and over 41,000 km of local roads were limited to 30 km/h, adding up to just over half of all roads.〔 A much favored calming measure is to replace intersections by roundabouts, of which there were over 4800 in 2013 — both in and out of town. Mobility on Dutch roads has grown continuously since the 1950s and now exceeds 200 billion km travelled per year, three quarters of which are done by car, meaning that while Dutch roads are numerous, they are also used with one of the highest intensities of any road network.〔 ==History== The Netherlands' first centrally planned highway system dates back to the early 19th century, when Napoleon was emperor of France, and Holland was annexed into the French empire. In 1811 Napoleon decreed that a network of 229 paved imperial roads (Routes Impériales) would be created, extending from Paris to the borders of his empire.〔Liste des routes impériales françaises de 1811 - Wikipédia〕〔Route impériale - Wikipedia (NL)〕 In addition to systematic paving, the roads were all numbered, an innovation at the time. Construction of several imperial highways through Holland commenced. Amsterdam was connected to Paris by ''Route Impériale no. 2'' — a section between Amsterdam and Utrecht is today still a part of the A2 motorway. After the liberation in 1813, Hollands new king continued the project, but with Amsterdam at the centre. The plan was expanded several times. In 1821 it projected 42 ''Rijksstraatwegen'' (literally: "Imperial paved roads"), which were built up to 1850.〔(Autosnelwegen.nl - 1. 1795-1839 - Begin van een Rijkswegennet (Dutch) )〕 Since 1927 this network was transformed into today's system of Rijkswegen (national highways) in the Netherlands.〔(Rijkswegenplan 1927 - Wegenwiki (NL) )〕 The first motorway dates back to 1936, when the current A12 was opened to traffic between Voorburg and Zoetermeer, near The Hague. Motorway construction accelerated in the 1960s and 1970s, but halted in the 1980s. Current motorway expansion mostly occurs outside the Randstad. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roads in the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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